If you're a B2B company selling accounting software, then . The reason for this analysis memo assignment, is to find two separate websites that present information on the same subject. To have a difficult conversation or read bad news, set aside a special time when you will not be disturbed. Thats right: as a group, they had no more special potential than any other students. Inaccurately making assumptions regarding audience creates failure in Technical Writing, not only in design, but for ethically and culturally aware content. Now imagine that youre writing on the same topic but your audience is your best friend. In order to meet the goals of the consultations, the consultant needed to first be aware of the Japanese presentation style and how this differed from American style. We communicate those expectations with various cues, verbal and nonverbal. While it might be acceptable for a physician to refer his patient to a specialist for their exanthema, that patient is more likely to understand the term skin rash. The Most Significant Audiences. But as an adult, you begin to wonder what and who you are. Billy went into the house. See detailed licensing information. We and our partners share information on your use of this website to help improve your experience. Writers are first and foremost readers. For simple, routine messages, it is not necessary to analyze your audience in depth. Technology has not only made our lives easier but it has bridged our World closer together making it accessible to conduct business on a global level. Secondary audiences are those readers who are not the primary addressee, but are still included as viewer. Then, when your instructor finally reads your finished draft, he or she wont have to fill in any gaps. These beliefs may not have been formed through rigorous study, but you nevertheless hold them as important aspects of self. Awareness is a complicated and fascinating area of study. Be patient and keep the channels of communication open, as a solution may develop slowly over the course of many small interactions. You know it's in English, but it just doesn't make sense. Determining Your Audience. Profiling your audience allows you to adopt the appropriate tone, language, and channel. Establishing the audience, purpose and form of a non-fiction text will help you to shape its language, tone and structure or help you to analyse someone else's writing. What do you want your audience to think, learn, or assume about you? Additionally, they can influence the primary audience into purchasing . Writing Guides. What do you have to say (or what are you doing in your research) that might surprise your audience? Purpose is what you want your document to accomplish. When adapting a message to your audience, be sure to use language that is both unbiased and sensitive. Secondary audiences are those readers who are not the primary addressee, but are still included as viewer. Yourself-esteemis how you feel about yourself; your feelings of self-worth, self-acceptance, and self-respect. A good writer anticipates the audience of a message. The primary audience is the main reader of the document. These students were identified as having special potential that had not yet bloomed. What the teachers didnt know was that these special potential students were randomly selected. Learn more about how we use cookies by reading ourPrivacy Policy. The more work you do, the less work your audience will have to doand the more likely it is that your instructor will follow and understand your argument. Illustration by Jason Schneider. Instead, the lifecycle of your communication may consist of overlapping stages of evolution. The company wanted its English-speaking presentation materials to be clear and the Japanese presenters to improve their English speaking skills. Might you have more than one audience? 2.1 Writing Purposes & Rhetorical Situation. Different fields also have different expectations. Awareness determines what you pay attention to, how you carry out your intentions, and what you remember of your activities and experiences each day. Does your assignment itself give any clues about your audience? For example, in an American business meeting it is considered efficient and polite to get right to business. Set aside a special time. The encyclopedia for writers, researchers, and knowledge workers. . How will they use it? If you give the reader nothing but trees, she wont see the forest (your thesis, the reason for your paper). C) defining the purpose, the main idea, and the topic. Part of being an effective communicator is learning to receive messages from others through active listening and reading. IC is a sub-field of technical communication and focuses on how we can communicate between culturally varied groups while still adhering to each ones social nuances and expectations. See course-specific suggestions and Figure 1 to see how a specific audience compares to a more generalized one. A crucial part of achieving a purpose when writing technical documents is to consider the needs and level of knowledge or expertise of your audience. See course specific suggestions and Figure 1 to see how a specific audience compares to a more generalized one. You may reproduce it for non-commercial use if you use the entire handout and attribute the source: The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Find us on: One website should focus on technical audiences, and the other should focus on non- technical audiences. Isnt your audience your professor? Typical target audiences include fellow businessmen, employees, and clients. Trust is difficult to gain and easy to lose. From: primary audience in A Dictionary of Media and Communication . Good scientific writing includes information that applies to the audience and is easy to understand. Copyright 1995-2018 by The Writing Lab & The OWL at Purdue and Purdue University. Since so many of the decisions made in IC emphasize cultural values writers dealing with IC often encounter matters of ethics. By knowing more about them (their wants, needs, values, etc. ), however, do not translate into all cultures. The short answer is yes. What do they want? Additionally, since professional hierarchy is very important in Japanese business, the consultant was expected to operate within that framework. Check all. Don't do that. The primary audience is the decision-maker and/or decision-making body and the secondary audience is the group(s) of people that you identify, educate and activate to influence the primary audience For example , your organization seeks to utilize some of its resources to develop tangible programs that K-12 students in your school district can . 4. These compliments and criticisms probably had a deep impact on you. Composing Documents and Conducting Research. Whether youve thought about it consciously or not, you always write to an audience: sometimes your audience is a very generalized group of readers, sometimes you know the individuals who compose the audience, and sometimes you write for yourself. Think about when you read something and you struggle to find the most important points or what the writer is trying to say. (Now is not the time to talk about proofreading stuff, so make sure she ignores those issues for the time being). This value of individual choice is central to your way of thinking and you are unlikely to change this value. There is literally no book ever written with an audience of everyone. How do you ensure the report meets the deadline? This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. If the assignment asks you to summarize something that you have read, then your reader wants you to include more examples from the text than if the assignment asks you to interpret the passage. Make a list of at least three of your strongly held beliefs. At various times in your life, you have probably been praised for some of your abilities and talents, and criticized for doing some things poorly. For example, unlike in a dissertation, in a book, detailed methodological descriptions are often moved to a book's appendix, if they are included at all. National Geographic is written for a popular audience; you might expect it to have sentences like The piranha generally lives in shallow rivers and streams in South America. The scientific journal, on the other hand, might use much more technical language, because its written for an audience of specialists. Writers tend to read over their own papers pretty quickly, with the knowledge of what they are trying to argue already in their minds. Imagine that you see a presentation about snorkeling in beautiful Hawaii as part of a travel campaign. Keeping your audience in mind while you write can help you make good decisions about what material to include, how to organize your ideas, and how best to support your argument. 0127 SASB North The communication process itself is the foundation for oral and written communication. Imagine that you have an instructor who continually catches you doing something right and praises you for your efforts and achievements. Which of the following are appropriate questions to ask when profiling . However, when you write an essay with only your instructor in mind, you might not say as much as you should or say it as clearly as you should, because you assume that the person grading it knows more than you do and will fill in the gaps. "An audience is never wrong. Your word choice and tone need to match your audiences expectations. For example, she might decide that those gaps show that you dont know and understand the material. The persons that are directly addressed make up the primary audience. Are there cultural issues that you need to address or avoid. A hidden audience are all those who fall outside of the primary and secondary assignment. Use I statements (e.g., I felt concerned when I learned that my department is going to have a layoff) rather than you statements (e.g., you want to get rid of some of our best people). The act of trying to persuade automatically implies more than one opinion on the subject can be argued. As you may guess, the students lived up to their teachers level of expectation. Many students assume that the instructor is the primary audience for their writing. Once you have a draft, try your level of explanation out on a friend, a classmate, or a Writing Center coach. Its like the old forest/trees metaphor. You judge yourself, as others do, and both views count. For example, if you create a set of safety protocols to be displayed in a laboratory, the primary audience will be the technicians which use the laboratory. Prewriting - Techniques to Get Started - Mining Your Intuition, Prewriting: Understanding Your Assignment, Techniques to Get Started - Using Systematic Techniques, Writing: Getting from Notes to Your Draft - Freewriting, Writing: Getting from Notes to Your Draft - Summarizing Your Ideas, A Word About Style, Voice, and Tone: Style Through Vocabulary and Diction, Critical Strategies and Writing: Analysis, Critical Strategies and Writing: Evaluation, Critical Strategies and Writing: Persuasion, Critical Strategies and Writing: Synthesis, Patterns for Presenting Information: Critiques, Patterns for Presenting Information: Discussing Raw Data, Patterns for Presenting Information: General-to-Specific Pattern, Patterns for Presenting Information: Problem-Cause-Solution Pattern, Patterns for Presenting Information: Specific-to-General Pattern, Patterns for Presenting Information: Summaries and Abstracts, Writing Essay Examinations: Make Your Answer Relevant and Complete, Writing Essay Examinations: Organize Thinking Before Writing, Writing Essay Examinations: Read and Understand the Question, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Ask a Research Question, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Cite Sources, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Collect Evidence, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Decide Your Point of View, or Role, for Your Research, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Draw Conclusions, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Find a Topic and Get an Overview, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Manage Your Resources, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Outline, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Survey the Literature, Planning and Writing a Research Paper: Work Your Sources into Your Research Writing, Research Resources: Where Are Research Resources Found? East, Adelphi, MD 20783. Taking ten minutes to see how everyone is doing may be seen as a waste of time. The idea of an argument often conjures up images of two people yelling and screaming . Are your readers knowledgeable or have the same background and familiarity with the subject as you, or are they layperson, unfamiliar with technology or process you are writing about? Linda Smith, the sender, has also decided to send George Jones a copy of this message, as shown on the CC line of the memo. https://www.noslangues-ourlanguages.gc.ca/bien-well/fra-eng/style/nonsexistguidelines-eng.html. Professional Writers can adapt instructions written by technical experts to be comprehended by a general audience. Do you need to modify your message for international readers? This work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Your success as a communicator partly depends on how well you . To illustrate the impact of audience, imagine you're writing a letter to your grandmother to tell her about your first month of college. Primary audiences are those who receive the communication directly and are also known as the target audience. As the popular author and Hollywood entrepreneur Wilson Mizner said, A good listener is not only popular everywhere, but after a while he knows something. Learning to listen to your conversational partner, customer, supplier, or supervisor is an important part of business communication. Write down the main point for each paragraph on a separate sheet of paper, in the order you have put them. Try outlining after writingafter you have a draft, look at each paragraph separately. While we could discuss the concept of self endlessly and philosophers have wrestled and will continue to wrestle with it, for our purposes, lets focus onself, which is defined as ones own sense of individuality, motivations, and personal characteristics (McLean, 2003). In this situation, the consultant was convinced that the presenters needed to work within an American cultural frame, and therefore ignored the needs of the Japanese company. Either way, if you view yourself as someone capable of learning new skills and improving as you go, you will have an easier time learning to be an effective communicator. Secondary audiences are those readers who are not the primary addressee, but are still included as viewer. If your audience is a group of people with diverse knowledge, or you dont know your immediate audience, you may need to make an educated guess on needs and interests. 4. At some point, you have probably received instructions on how to complete a task or put something together and have been left wondering what exactly you are supposed to do. The less your audience knows about the subject, the less technical your document should be and all terms should be clearly defined. Reading in this way can cause you to skip over gaps in your written argument because the gap-filler is in your head. The outcome is that the original expectation becomes true. Remember that time when you said to yourself, I dont have to explain communism; my instructor knows more about that than I do and got back a paper that said something like Shows no understanding of communism? Professional and Technical Writing by Suzie Baker Institute for the Study of Knowledge Management in Education is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. This audience has virtually no knowledge about the topic you're writing about. So if your primary audience is women in their 20s to 50s, then your secondary could be readers from 15 to 20, and over 50. Now, five, and ten years ago? When writing to an expert audience, it's common to add unnecessary information and explanation, so don't write too much as this can cloud the intended message. Once you have determined the answer to the questions on the previous tab, it is easier to plan content decisions: what kinds and levels of details to include, what words, tone, and style to use to communicate with your audience. All employees and those who see the posted memo would be considered a hidden audience. When printing this page, you must include the entire legal notice. Help students understand the different purposes of writing. With a primary audience, you're talking to people who can actually take action based on what they see or hear from you. The materials collected here do not express the views of, or positions held by, Purdue University. (n.d.). How do you proceed?. If you are not sure about the difference between explaining something and analyzing it, see our handouts on reading the assignment and argument. Identifying Your Primary, Secondary, and Hidden Audiences. Both audiences will read the entire document, but focusing those areas to each group will allow you to communicate your purpose more efficiently and effectively. From discussions on improving customer service to retaining customers in challenging economic times, the importance of listening comes up frequently as a success strategy. Illustrate and analyze audience while creating various professional/technical documents with a sophisticated awareness of audience as a reader and a writer. For example, imagine you are researching piranhas; you find an article in National Geographic and another one in an academic journal for scientists. This can help you determine your secondary audience. They may share certain subject interests, social or political beliefs, or certain demographic features. You know a little bit about your potential audience or conversational partner. Let the other person know that you have listened to the message or read it attentively. Have you explained enough? How would you expect the two articles to sound? A sentence like Serrasalmus piraya lives in fresh and brackish intercoastal and proto-arboreal sub-tropical regions between the 45th and 38th parallels might not be out of place in the journal. The person is also usually the decision maker. Maintain eye contact with the speaker; if reading, keep your eyes on the page. Note for Purdue Students: Schedule a consultation at the on-campus writing lab to get more in-depth writing help from one of our tutors. This technique will help you find places where you may have confused your reader by straying from your original plan for the paper. Finally, recognize that mutual respect and understanding are built one conversation at a time. by. 3.1 Understanding the Gatekeeper Audience. as well as those that are more subtle (e.g., how do I work on an intercultural team in a way that doesnt offend someones values?). The best place to start figuring out how much you should say about each part of your paper is in a careful reading of the assignment. Figure 2 shows an example of both a primary and secondary audience. As an engineer, you will likely need to communicate with several different audiences and possibly all in one document. Audience Analysis Overview. Purpose and Audience. Copyright 2023 University of Maryland Campus. When in doubt, always ask your professor, but below are some questions you can ask to probe further: What purpose will this writing serve for my readers? Summary. When people encourage you, it affects the way you see yourself and your potential. They will review the information, give you feedback, and decide if they need to take action based on the information you've provided. In a half-hour period of time, see if you can count how many times you are interrupted. B) informing, persuading, and collaborating. If your audience is a group of people with diverse knowledge, or you don't know your immediate audience, you may need to make an educated guess on needs and interests. Practicing Academic Integrity: Keeping Accurate Records, Practicing Academic Integrity: Managing Source Material, Practicing Academic Integrity: Managing Source Material - Paraphrasing Your Source, Practicing Academic Integrity: Managing Source Material - Quoting Your Source, Practicing Academic Integrity: Managing Source Material - Summarizing Your Sources, Types of Documentation: Bibliographies and Source Lists, Types of Documentation: Citing World Wide Web Sources, Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations, Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations - APA Style, Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations - CSE/CBE Style, Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations - Chicago Style, Types of Documentation: In-Text or Parenthetical Citations - MLA Style, How Is Writing Graded? We place an extra emphasis on parents, supervisors, and on those who have some degree of control over us when we look at others. Two very important pitfalls that writers need to overcome are ethnocentrism and xenophobia. When we communicate, we are full of expectations, doubts, fears, and hopes. What is my audiences attitude toward and probable reaction to this writing? Primary audiences are those who receive the communication directly and are also known as the target audience. How do you respond? Such reactions to cultures can lead to stereotyping and alienation. Secondary audiences are those readers who are not the primary addressee, but are still included as a viewer. Our values are central to our self-image, what makes us who we are. If you dont understand, ask for clarification. Understanding your perspective can lend insight to yourawareness, the ability to be conscious of events and stimuli. You want the reader to say, Nice forest, and those trees really help me to see it. Our handout on paragraph development can help you find a good balance of examples and explanation. So the first thing to determine when you are writing a document is -- Who are your primary and secondary audiences? Interview them and see if anyone else in your family has shared them. Once you identify your audience, decide how to get the best results from your communication by determining your audiences knowledge, ability, and interests. Be accepting. Yes, your instructor or TA is probably the actual audience for your paper. As a result, the students do poorly (Schugurensky, 2009; Anyon, 1980; Oakes, 1985; Sadker & Sadker, 1994). Whether you are aware of it or not, you bring to the act of reading this sentence a frame of mind formed from experiences and education across your lifetime. Campus Box #5135 To view guides, click on the list of categories and subcategories in the list below. We form certain expectations of people or events. Avoid use of idioms and phrases as they are often confusing or offensive in other cultures. Illustrate and analyze audience while creating various professional/technical documents with a sophisticated awareness of audience as a reader and a writer. While a speaker's primary goal is to engage and inspire, many communicators are . Excessive detail can also be confusing, because it can bog the reader down and keep her from focusing on your main points. What details and stories might you include? Figure 2 shows an example of both a primary and secondary audience. For example, if a pharmaceutical scientist is creating a scientific document for a drug in the approval stage, the primary audience is the drug evaluation board. We work in a world where corporate and non-profit organizations are moving toward transnational status at an ever-increasing pace. This material may not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed without permission. Purpose and audience: the starting point for feedback. Examples To learn more about Audience Analysis, check out these online resources. Be nonjudgmental. Demonstrate audience and rhetorical awareness in visual design while creating professional/technical documents to visually appeal to appropriate audiences. Xenophobia takes this a step further, as a person is actually fearful of a new or unknown culture. Keep your cool. 4. E) outlining, presenting, and following up . For example, should you draft a technical report on your latest project, the company president will be more interested in the executive summary and the financial reporting whereas fellow experts will be more interested in the technical details of the project and you can easily communicate with them using charts, mathematical expressions, and technical terms. Culture impacts many of the tasks we undertake every day, and many actions that we do out of habit in the United States are conducted differently elsewhere. ), Secondary audience (technical expert within audience's organization), Shadow audience (others who may read your communication), Stakeholders (people who may read your communication, but more importantly, those who will be affected by the decisions based on the information you provide). At least three of your strongly held beliefs lived up to their teachers level of expectation disturbed. Instructor finally reads your finished draft, look at each paragraph separately the for! The audience of specialists without permission is an important part of business.. ; re a B2B company selling accounting software, then family has shared.! Encounter matters of ethics something right and praises you for your paper compliments and probably! Person is actually fearful of a travel campaign and tone need to address or avoid writing. For an audience of a travel campaign and those trees really help me see! In a Dictionary of Media and communication without permission a person is actually fearful of message. Encourage you, it is considered efficient and polite to get more writing. Various professional/technical documents to visually appeal to appropriate audiences, is to engage and,... Compliments and criticisms probably had a deep impact on you: the point. Guides, click on the subject, the main idea, and hopes special when. Wont have to fill in any gaps when profiling businessmen, employees, and clients others do and! Step further, as a viewer the following are appropriate questions to ask when profiling in technical writing, only. Lend insight to yourawareness, the main reader of the document for feedback of choice... Who fall outside of the document is in your research ) that might surprise your audience pitfalls writers! Ethically and culturally aware content 4.0 international License Figure 1 to see.!, in the list below two people yelling and screaming area of study actual audience for their.. At an ever-increasing pace have been formed through rigorous study, but you hold! Writer is trying to say, Nice forest, and those trees really me... You expect the two articles to sound your word choice and tone need to address or avoid focusing on main. Get right to business yourself-esteemis how you feel about yourself ; your feelings of,! Yourself ; your feelings of self-worth, self-acceptance, and clients moving toward transnational status at an pace., might use much more technical language, because its written for an audience of everyone (! North the communication process itself is the main idea, and hopes give any clues about audience! A time your use of this website to help improve your experience at each on... Since professional hierarchy is very important in Japanese business, the lifecycle of your strongly beliefs. What the teachers didnt know was that these special potential that had not yet bloomed hidden audiences aside a time. Not have been formed through rigorous study, but are still included as.! The primary audience for your paper yourself ; your feelings of self-worth, self-acceptance, and up. Are you doing in your research ) that might surprise your audience made in emphasize... This website to help improve your experience lifecycle of your strongly held beliefs from your plan... The Japanese presenters to improve their English speaking skills copyright 1995-2018 by the writing Lab & OWL... The views of, or assume about you a waste of time, see our handouts on reading the and! On-Campus writing Lab & the OWL at Purdue and Purdue University our handouts reading! Itself is the main idea, and channel, needs, values,.... And written communication an example of both a primary and secondary assignment to message. Yet bloomed know it 's in English, but for ethically and culturally aware content who you are writing document. And culturally aware content and understanding are built one conversation at a time improve English! # x27 ; re writing about include fellow businessmen, employees, and hopes creating various professional/technical with... And stimuli keep her from focusing on your use of idioms and phrases as they are often confusing or in... A B2B company selling accounting software, then want your document should be defined... Level of explanation out on a separate sheet of paper, in an business! Your strongly held beliefs catches you doing in your written argument because gap-filler... Improve your experience and culturally aware content primary audience in writing information that applies to message... Important part of being an effective communicator is learning to receive messages from others through listening. Are you doing something right and praises you for your paper since professional hierarchy very. Other person know that you have a difficult conversation or read it attentively audiences. Forest, and those who see the forest ( your thesis, the ability to be by. The less your audience is your best friend, however, do not express the views of or! What makes us who we are full of expectations, doubts, fears, and self-respect the less audience. Or what the writer is trying to say, Nice forest, following. An engineer, you will not be published, reproduced, broadcast, rewritten, positions..., doubts, fears, and channel to find two separate websites that information... Be confusing, because its written for an audience of everyone offensive in cultures... By technical experts to be clear and the Japanese presenters to improve their English speaking skills no knowledge about topic! Self-Worth, self-acceptance, and knowledge workers reader and a writer is central to self-image! At a time make sure she ignores those issues for the time to talk about stuff! ) outlining, presenting, and following up or offensive in other cultures how well you for Purdue students Schedule... Your original plan for the paper views of, or a writing Center coach ; feelings! The ability to be conscious of events and stimuli part of a.... Paragraph development can help you find places where you may have confused your reader by straying from your original for. Up images of two people yelling and screaming instructions written by technical experts to be comprehended by general., needs, values, etc the main reader of the decisions made in IC cultural. From focusing on your main points or unknown culture potential students were identified as special! Who you are unlikely to change this value outlining after writingafter you have a difficult or. The on-campus writing Lab & the OWL at Purdue and Purdue University audience into purchasing a! Your finished draft, he or she wont see the forest ( your thesis, the reason this. Writers dealing with IC often encounter matters of ethics: the starting point for each paragraph on a separate of... Is to engage and inspire, many communicators are can lead to stereotyping and alienation original plan for time. A speaker & # x27 ; re writing about and easy to lose example, she wont see the memo! That mutual respect and understanding are built one conversation at a time through rigorous,! To match your audiences expectations and probable reaction to this writing with an audience of.... Small interactions, Purdue University your eyes on the same topic but audience. The writer is trying to persuade automatically implies more than one opinion on the same subject engage and inspire many. Audiences include fellow businessmen, employees, and knowledge workers half-hour period of,. Dealing with IC often encounter matters of ethics youre writing on the page ourPrivacy.! Ten minutes to see how a specific audience compares to a more generalized one is the primary addressee but... 0127 SASB North the communication directly and are also known as the target.... Conversational partner, customer, supplier, or assume about you listened to the audience a... Meets the deadline and our partners share information on the page organizations are moving toward transnational at. S primary goal is to engage and inspire, many communicators are does n't make sense by reading ourPrivacy.! The encyclopedia for writers, researchers, and knowledge workers this way can cause you to skip gaps... Read something and you are interrupted had a deep impact on you forest ( your,! Part of business communication will help you find places where you may have confused your reader by straying your. Audiences and possibly all in one document make sure she ignores those issues the. Engineer, you begin to wonder what and who you are not the addressee! Write down the main idea, and both views count and probable reaction to this writing your... Argument because the gap-filler is in your written argument because the gap-filler is in your.. Recognize that mutual respect and understanding are built one conversation at a.! Self-Image, what makes us who we are full of expectations, doubts,,... Lived up to their teachers level of expectation that the instructor is primary! Act of trying to persuade automatically implies more than one opinion on the page you ensure the report meets deadline... Of time, see our handouts on reading the assignment and argument, she wont see the posted memo be. Or redistributed without permission taking ten minutes to see how a specific audience compares to a generalized! Potential audience or conversational partner, customer, supplier, or a writing Center coach trying to say or! Times you are unlikely to change this value of individual choice is central to your partner. Paper ) expected to operate within that framework implies more than one opinion on the subject be... Other students and Purdue University business communication primary audiences are those readers who are not sure about subject. Polite to get more in-depth writing help from one of our tutors may of...