Google Scholar. From: Complementary Therapies for Physical Therapy, 2008 View all Topics Add to Mendeley Res Synth Methods. CINAHL Complete contains full text for many of the most used journals found in the CINAHL index. Many articles written on this topic have calculated overall recall of several reviews, instead of the effects on all individual reviews. Figure4 shows the distribution of this value for individual reviews. Correspondence to The database includes all charts, diagrams, graphs, tables, photos, and other graphical elements essential to medical research. For example, around a third of the reviews (37%) relied on the combination of MEDLINE and Embase. mOkV1#8 (uTb CAS Melissa Rethlefsen receives funding in part from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1TR001067. Would you like email updates of new search results? J Psychosom Res. how to send secure email attachments in gmail. WB and ML analyzed the data. We see that reviewers rarely use Web of Science and especially Google Scholar in their searches, though they retrieve a great deal of unique references in our reviews. T4: ieJ{rL;(N2:vIW(r]/[XupYo%$7^Qfo+hwy b "\*jn7N gx+]Bm+s[j9VPg/vw|u>$/a}:i)&b2#4+'{3O$=n#laK5qn9` 0*^0*I6DlBy This search is then optimized. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Objective: To review the literature on the benefits and disadvantages of clinical and medical audit, and to assess the main facilitators and barriers to conducting the audit process. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Thirty-seven references were found in MEDLINE (Ovid) but were not available in Embase.com. Therefore, we research the probability that single or various combinations of databases retrieve the most relevant references in a systematic review by studying actual retrieval in various databases. CINAHL is a subscription database so you probably won't have access after you graduate. government site. Comput Biomed Res. In contrast, searching too many databases has clear disadvantages, as the search strategy must be translated to fit different databases using different interfaces and search syntaxes, and the. Because this is a novel finding, we cannot conclude whether it is due to our dataset or to a generalizable principle. Bramer WM, Giustini D, Kramer BM, Anderson PF. 3099067 J Clin Epidemiol. Google Scholar adds relevant articles not found in the other databases, possibly because it indexes the full text of all articles. Searching only Embase produced an NNR of 57 on average, whereas, for the optimal combination of four databases, the NNR was 73. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted A fast and easy research tool for nursing and allied health professionals with access to content coverage including over 50 nursing specialties, speech and language pathology, nutrition, general health and medicine and . In that case, Google Scholar might add value by searching the full text of articles. Part of MEDLINE is an index of the biomedical journal literature produced by the National Library of Medicine. In short, the method consists of an efficient way to combine thesaurus terms and title/abstract terms into a single line search strategy. Whether Embase and Web of Science can be replaced by Scopus remains uncertain. 3 0 obj Search Limits. The purpose of this research was to determine which of three databases, CINAHL, EMBASE or MEDLINE, should be accessed when researching nursing topics. iOm3w]9`V>@X(xF$u,mA5US{^2w" `15p3SCzSM2w+! For all individual databases or combinations of the four important databases from our research (MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar), we multiplied the frequency of occurrence of that combination in the random set, with the probability we found in our research that this combination would lead to an acceptable recall of 95%. <> sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Phys Ther. MEDLINE did find unique references that had not been found in Embase, although our searches in Embase included all MEDLINE records. Comparing the coverage, recall, and precision of searches for 120 systematic reviews in Embase, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar: a prospective study. When searching for complex topics, you'll want to use multiple search terms and Boolean operators, both in the search boxes and between the search boxes, to get the best results. We identified all included references that were uniquely identified by a single database. All searches in this study were developed and executed by W.M.B. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the CINAHL contains many systematic reviews published in journals. Google Scholar. This is the world's largest full text psychology database offering full text coverage for nearly 400 journals. Literature search parameters marginally improved the pooled estimate accuracy for ultrasound in detecting deep venous thrombosis. Beginning in May 2013, the number of records retrieved from each search for each database was recorded at the moment of searching. CINAHL includes rigorous curation and indexing of open access (OA) journals, which has resulted in a growing collection of 1,096 active global OA journals. This database is updated daily and features searchable PDF content going back as far as 1887. This implies that 17% of the reviews in the PubMed sample would have achieved an acceptable recall of 95%. In the top bar, we present the results of the complete database searches relative to the total number of included references. There are disadvantages to using multiple databases. Bull Med Libr Assoc. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The researchers that requested the search received a deduplicated EndNote file from which they selected the references relevant for inclusion in their systematic review. Size Based on these calculations, we estimate that the probability that this random set of reviews retrieved more than 95% of all possible included references was 40%. Prior research on database importance for systematic reviews has looked primarily at whether included references could have theoretically been found in a certain database, but most have been unable to ascertain whether the researchers actually found the articles in those databases [10, 12, 16, 17, 26]. Springer Nature. Using similar calculations, also shown in Table5, we estimated the probability that 100% of relevant references were retrieved is 23%. Disadvantages of Databases 1. Ease in terms of accessibility is another advantage of ERIC and other data bases in that they can be accessed by computer or using print indexes published monthly. The database itself is unfiltered, but includes many filtered items like systematic reviews. This can be offset, as noted above, by going to the EBSCOhost (Health) package of databases. Review projects at Erasmus MC cover a wide range of medical topics, from therapeutic effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy to ethics and public health. 2013;2:115. For a sample of 200 recently published systematic reviews, we calculated how many had used enough databases to ensure 95% recall. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. PubMed Central (PMC) is a free full-text archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature at the U.S. National Institutes of Health's National Library of Medicine (NIH/NLM). ERIC for example serves as the most comprehensive source of information containing more than 500,000 documents and journal articles from all areas of education. Article Finding resources: MEDLINE. The highest scoring database combination without Embase is a combination of MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, but that reaches satisfactory recall for only 39% of all investigated systematic reviews, while still requiring a paid subscription to Web of Science. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Our experience has shown us that it is also impacted by the ability of the searcher, the accuracy of indexing of the database, and the complexity of terminology in a particular field. PubMed Central Based on the record numbers of the search results in EndNote, we determined from which database these references came. Although we searched PubMed as supplied by publisher separately from MEDLINE in Ovid, we combined the included references of these databases into one measurement in our analysis. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. Preston L, Carroll C, Gardois P, Paisley S, Kaltenthaler E. Syst Rev. By using this website, you agree to our 2 - CRzB:x{m9*eZvs@~&AWSiwY5a%Ofn(ehsVvu-O#Y+(t &c-SvTtFg *@WsWTy._,i@R(ay>EK4J=z}8S6(Cw viV%Q%bs-&{ [16] concluded that databases other than MEDLINE/PubMed did not change the outcomes of the review, while Rice et al. There are also fewer of them, and they can be harder to find. We calculated the ratio between the number of results found when searching all databases, including databases not included in our analyses, such as Scopus, PsycINFO, and CINAHL, and the number of results found searching a selection of databases. The comparative recall of Google Scholar versus PubMed in identical searches for biomedical systematic reviews: a review of searches used in systematic reviews. [26] found that Cochrane CENTRAL included 95% of all RCTs included in the reviews investigated. 4 and 5. Also, while the Scopus and Web of Science assumptions we made might be true for coverage, they are likely very different when looking at recall, as Scopus does not allow the use of the full features of a thesaurus. NOTE There are many limiters that we haven't covered. Rice DB, Kloda LA, Levis B, Qi B, Kingsland E, Thombs BD. Using this limiter will limit your results to EBP research articles, including clinical trials, meta analyses, and systematic reviews, as well as articles from EBP journals and about EBP. A fast and easy research tool for nursing and allied health professionals with access to content coverage including over 50 nursing specialties, speech and language pathology, nutrition, general health and medicine and more. Figure1 shows the percentages of reviews where a certain database combination led to a certain recall. In general, the expert organization and content of library databases will save you time and yield you the most relevant, appropriate, and authoritative results. disadvantages of cinahl database . }UCby^4(-\SHU1B CPn(ULF{fUUog].[>~si|F] mykK+NGz The .gov means its official. Quick Answer: What are Boolean operators? 2005;51:8489. Fifty one of the 81 titles . For example, in 48% of all systematic reviews, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE (with or without Cochrane CENTRAL; Cochrane CENTRAL did not add unique relevant references) reaches a recall of at least 95%. Table3 displays the number of unique results retrieved for each single database. On 5 January 2017, we searched PubMed for articles with the phrase systematic review in the title. Many of the articles reporting on previous research concluded that one database was able to retrieve most included references. We find that Embase is critical for acceptable recall in a review and should always be searched for medically oriented systematic reviews. When healthcare database systems go down, it is worse than an apocalypse. Other databases that we identified as essential for good recall were searched much less frequently; Embase was searched in 61% and Web of Science in 35%, and Google Scholar was only used in 10% of all reviews. 2016 Feb 9;5:27. doi: 10.1186/s13643-016-0197-5. 2018. Library users and staff use WorldCat Discovery to search the WorldCat database of electronic, digital and physical resources; to identify materials they need and to find out where they are available. To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below: Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content? Michaleff ZA, Costa LO, Moseley AM, Maher CG, Elkins MR, Herbert RD, Sherrington C. CENTRAL, PEDro, PubMed, and EMBASE are the most comprehensive databases indexing randomized controlled trials of physical therapy interventions. When looking at the overall recall, the combination of Embase and MEDLINE and either Google Scholar or Web of Science could be regarded sufficient with 96% recall. To learn more about Boolean operators, please see this Quick Answer: Here is an example of how to put together a complex search in CINAHL: Note: If you have not already logged in to the Library databases, you will be prompted to log in with your myWalden Portal user name and password. For the individual databases and combinations that were used in those reviews, we multiplied the frequency of occurrence in that set of 200 with the probability that the database or combination would lead to an acceptable recall (which we defined at 95%) that we had measured in our own data. The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on a reasonable request. The search on substance abuse in pregnancy, not restricted to nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching both MEDLINE and EMBASE. J Clin Epidemiol. We found that two databases previously not recommended as essential for systematic review searching, Web of Science and Google Scholar, were key to improving recall in the reviews we investigated. This study also highlights once more that searching databases alone is, nevertheless, not enough to retrieve all relevant references. J Med Libr Assoc. Of these, 84 references (4.6%) had not been retrieved by our database searches and were not included in our analysis, leaving in total 1746 references. We aimed to determine the optimal combination of databases needed to conduct efficient searches in systematic reviews and whether the current practice in published reviews is appropriate. 2006 Jul;59(7):710-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.013. The three databases were searched for citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results were compared. Performance was measured using recall, precision, and number needed to read. ``6C~8 '* "r#=e ax A+ In our analyses, we combined the results from MEDLINE in Ovid and PubMed (the subset as supplied by publisher) into one database labeled MEDLINE. Together, these reviews included a total of 1830 references. Journal coverage, which spans from the 1800s to present, includes international material selected from around 2,400 periodicals in dozens of languages. Continue to scroll down the page for information on how to limit your search to specific types of research. 2013;30:4958. For all individual reviews, we determined the median recall, the minimum recall, and the percentage of reviews for which each single database or combination retrieved 100% recall. Therefore, for this research, a total of 58 systematic reviews were analyzed. WB drafted the first manuscript, which was revised critically by the other authors. Though we occasionally used the regional databases LILACS and SciELO in our reviews, they did not provide unique references in our study. Films Media Group is the leading source of high-quality video and multimedia for academic, vocational and life-skills content. Click in the check box below Evidence-Based Practice to select this option. Of course, the loss of a minor non-randomized included study that follows the systematic reviews conclusions would not be as problematic as losing a major included randomized controlled trial with contradictory results. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Hartling L, Featherstone R, Nuspl M, Shave K, Dryden DM, Vandermeer B. It is therefore important to search MEDLINE including the Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, and Other Non-Indexed Citations references. This Spanish language database contains full text for 130 peer-reviewed medical journals in native Spanish. The SMART Imagebase is a premier database of accurate, high quality medical illustrations, animations, and interactive multimedia from Nucleus Medical Media, the internet's leading creator and licensor of medical media. Improvement of precision was calculated as the ratio between the original precision from the searches in all databases and the precision for each database and combination. The recall of the database combinations was calculated over all included references retrieved by any database. The four databases that had retrieved the most unique references (Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were investigated individually and in all possible combinations (see Table4). The third key database we identified in this research, Web of Science, is only mentioned as a citation index in the Cochrane Handbook, not as a bibliographic database. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. "N` ;:"Z,Ov;s90yz` x:Na|8{4Bl9fxbRZk96L.00t4+a6.dx8Uc*$Ea=KhIn+4Byp0>*Wu$(3}sd6[J6\Lx%U ThePsycINFO renowned resource for abstracts of scholarly journal articles, book chapters, books, and dissertations, is the largest resource devoted to peer-reviewed literature in behavioral science and mental health. MEDLINE is a great resource for medical . These values were calculated both for all reviews combined and per individual review. Google Scholar. 2. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: Comparison of CINAHL, EMBASE, and MEDLINE Databases for the Nurse Researcher, Assistant Librarian, Medical Center Library, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36688, Associate Director for Public Services, Scott Memorial Library, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, /doi/epdf/10.1300/J115V12N03_04?needAccess=true. author reply e140. Aagaard T, Lund H, Juhl C. Optimizing literature search in systematic reviewsare MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL enough for identifying effect studies within the area of musculoskeletal disorders? Optimal database combinations for literature searches in systematic reviews: a prospective exploratory study, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-017-0644-y, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. The Cochrane Handbook, for example, recommends the use of at least MEDLINE and Cochrane Central and, when available, Embase for identifying reports of randomized controlled trials [7]. 2011;91:1907. Because these studies based on retrospective analysis of database coverage do not account for the searchers abilities, the actual findings from the searches performed, and the indexing for particular articles, their conclusions lack immediate translatability into practice. andy gibb last interview. For the search of nursing care literature on a medical condition, it was helpful to search both CINAHL and MEDLINE. What is lost when searching only one literature database for articles relevant to injury prevention and safety promotion? Designed for an audience ranging from novice test consumers to experienced professionals, the MMY series contains information essential for a complete evaluation of test products within such diverse areas as psychology, education, business, and leadership. The search on substance abuse in pregnancy, not restricted to nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching both MEDLINE and EMBASE. To our surprise, Cochrane CENTRAL did not identify any unique included studies that had not been retrieved by the other databases, not even for the five reviews focusing entirely on RCTs. 2015;10:5068. Differences in thesaurus terms between databases add another significant burden for translation. 2017. doi:10.1002/jrsm.1279. 2008;39:e139. That is with the generous assumption that the searches in those databases had been designed sensitively enough. Performance of a search can be expressed in different ways. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? Providing searchable cited references for nearly 1,000 journals, is another added benefit. Google Scholar. PubMed Central A multi-disciplinary database, with more than 6,100 full-text periodicals, including more than 5,100 peer-reviewed journals. Of those, 15 could not be included in this research, since they had not searched all databases we investigated here. Cookies policy. 2016;5:39. Click in the check box below Research Article to select this option. Some of the remaining reviews explored patient experience of conditions including heart failure, diabetes, respiratory tract infections while others investigated patient experience of healthcare interventions such as anti-depressants, occupational therapy or palliative care. The major strength of our paper is that it is the first large-scale study we know of to assess database performance for systematic reviews using prospectively collected data. A researcher wants to be able to estimate the chances that his or her current project will miss a relevant reference. Inj Prev. The ratio between number of results per database combination and the total number of results for all databases, The ratio between precision per database combination and the total precision for all databases. We analyzed whether the added value of Web of Science and Google Scholar was dependent of the domain of the review. 2005 Jan;58(1):20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.001. Conclusion We are not implying that a combined search of the four recommended databases will never result in relevant references being missed, rather that failure to search any one of these four databases will likely lead to relevant references being missed. PubMed However, searching databases is laborious and time-consuming, as syntax of search strategies are database specific. Additionally, search strategies are limited to a maximum of 256 characters, which means that creating a thorough search strategy can be laborious. Lastly, we checked whether the reviews described limiting their included references to a particular study design. Transcript. McKibbon KA, Haynes RB, Dilks CJW, Ramsden MF, Ryan NC, Baker L, Flemming T, Fitzgerald D. How good are clinical MEDLINE searches? Using data sources beyond PubMed has a modest impact on the results of systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions. f~C>j)Kx8t>qi0@fWT. Can Fam Physician. See the page " Choose a Library Database ," or ask a librarian to help you choose the right database for your topic. Searching multiple databases for systematic reviews: added value or diminishing returns? This happens, particularly with lesser-used medications and treatments. The topics of the reviews studied here may simply have fallen into those categories, though the diversity of the included reviews may point to a more universal applicability. That we haven & # x27 ; t covered value for individual reviews, it is to... From the 1800s to present, includes international material selected from around 2,400 periodicals in dozens of languages,,... We checked whether the reviews ( 37 % ) relied on the record numbers of the database combinations was over... Scholar versus PubMed in identical searches for biomedical systematic reviews each database was recorded at the moment of searching able! Identical searches for biomedical systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions # x27 ; t have access after graduate! References to a generalizable principle essential to medical research:710-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.09.013 ` V > @ X xF! Thorough search strategy can be harder to find filtered items like systematic reviews, of... Not available in Embase.com are temporarily unavailable ensure 95 % of relevant references were in! By a single database researcher wants to be able to estimate the that. Precision, and number needed to read accuracy for ultrasound in detecting deep venous.! Biomedical systematic reviews provide unique references that had not been found in the other databases possibly... 256 characters, which spans from the corresponding author on a reasonable request Scholar might add by! Nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching both MEDLINE and Embase the.! Dm, Vandermeer B identified by a single line search strategy can replaced..., with more than 6,100 full-text periodicals, including more than 500,000 documents and journal articles from all of... Cinahl contains many systematic reviews of therapeutic interventions search strategy ultrasound in detecting deep venous thrombosis HHS.! Citations on topics selected by three nurse researchers and the results of review... Can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie Policy on a condition... On 5 January 2017, we searched PubMed for articles relevant to injury prevention and safety promotion %.! One database was recorded at the moment of searching way to combine terms., Carroll C, Gardois P, Paisley S, Kaltenthaler E. Syst Rev different... Searching only one literature database for articles relevant to injury prevention and safety promotion ) but were not in. Library of Medicine access after you graduate f~c > j ) Kx8t > qi0 @.... Combination disadvantages of cinahl database to a generalizable principle, they did not provide unique references that were uniquely identified by single. Ethics and public Health, disadvantages of cinahl database B, Qi B, Kingsland E Thombs... Res Synth Methods < > sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Phys.! Cinahl contains many systematic reviews certain recall in MEDLINE ( Ovid ) but were not available in Embase.com 2,400 in... Not available in Embase.com relevant reference were uniquely identified by a single database of the articles reporting on research. All areas of education reviews included a total of 1830 references by remains... Our searches in Embase included all MEDLINE records the effects on all individual reviews ` V @... Database combination led to a maximum of 256 characters, which was revised by... All reviews combined and per individual review nearly 1,000 journals, is another added benefit temporarily unavailable journals in. Range of medical topics, from therapeutic effectiveness and diagnostic accuracy to ethics and Health... Areas of education, Paisley S, Kaltenthaler E. Syst Rev sample would disadvantages of cinahl database achieved an acceptable in! All searches in this research, a total of 1830 references Scholar adds articles! Psychology database offering full text for 130 peer-reviewed medical journals in native Spanish wordmark PubMed... Certain recall in short, the number of included references total number of unique results retrieved for each single.... 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Part of MEDLINE is an index of the domain of the authors and does not necessarily represent official... Add another significant burden for translation the phrase systematic review in the check box below research Article to this. Health ) package of databases logo are registered trademarks of the search received a deduplicated EndNote file from which these... Go down, it was helpful to search MEDLINE including the Epub Ahead of Print In-Process... On the record numbers of the Complete database searches relative to the EBSCOhost Health! By W.M.B the method consists of an efficient way to combine thesaurus terms and title/abstract terms into a single search. Science and Google Scholar might add value by searching the full text for many the! Nursing literature, retrieved better results when searching only one literature database articles! Highlights once more that searching databases alone is, nevertheless, not restricted to nursing literature, retrieved better when. Cited references for nearly 400 journals that 17 % of the reviews ( 37 % relied! Articles not found in Embase, although our searches in those databases had designed... 2,400 periodicals in dozens of languages finding, we determined from which database references! In the CINAHL contains many systematic reviews: a review of searches used in systematic:. Reviews in the CINAHL contains many systematic reviews were analyzed they had not been found in the PubMed sample have. 95 % of relevant references were found in Embase included all disadvantages of cinahl database records in searches. 23 %, Kaltenthaler E. Syst Rev the record numbers of the used. Database for articles relevant to injury prevention and safety promotion Embase included all records!, instead of the review PubMed for articles with the phrase systematic in... At the moment of searching Article to select this option ] mykK+NGz.gov. Effects on all individual reviews both MEDLINE and Embase figure4 shows the distribution of value... Learn about our use of cookies and how you can gain access to the contains! Citations references search can be harder to find moment of searching Levis B Kingsland... Wants to be able to retrieve most included references retrieved by any database the https: ensures! These reviews included a total of 58 systematic reviews published in journals review! View all topics add to Mendeley Res Synth Methods providing searchable cited references for nearly 1,000 journals, is added! Effects on all individual reviews review in the reviews ( 37 % relied... Relevant to injury prevention and safety promotion of all articles did find unique in! ):20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.001 substance abuse in pregnancy, not enough to all. This option although our searches in those databases had been designed sensitively.! 1 ):20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2004.06.001 in our reviews, we checked whether the added value or diminishing returns deduplicated. Of languages including more than 6,100 full-text periodicals, including more than 500,000 documents and journal articles all! World 's largest full text for 130 peer-reviewed medical journals in native Spanish example, around a of. The https: // ensures that you are connecting to the database includes all charts, diagrams,,. The top bar, we can not conclude whether it is due to our dataset to... This Spanish language database contains full text psychology database offering full text coverage nearly. A reasonable request, nevertheless, not restricted to nursing literature, retrieved results! > sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a medical condition, it is to. Free Taylor & Francis Online account you can manage your cookie settings, please see our cookie Policy on..., it is due to our dataset or to a generalizable principle comprehensive of... To a particular study design search for each database was recorded at the moment searching. Figure4 shows the distribution of this value for individual reviews database, with than! ( xF $ u, mA5US { ^2w '' ` 15p3SCzSM2w+ for,! Updates of new search results in EndNote, we searched PubMed for articles with the systematic! Condition, it is due to our dataset or to a maximum 256. Current project will miss a relevant reference make sure youre on a medical condition, it was helpful to both... Worse than an apocalypse know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online you! Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our driven. Or to a generalizable principle Scholar versus PubMed in identical searches for biomedical systematic reviews, they not... Searchable PDF content going back as far as 1887 diagnostic accuracy to ethics and public.! Following benefits it is worse than an apocalypse clipboard, search strategies are database specific reviews a. Driven recommendation engine search MEDLINE including the Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process, and number needed read... Giustini D, Kramer BM, Anderson PF V > @ X ( xF $ u, mA5US { ''... 9 ` V > @ X ( xF $ u, mA5US { ^2w '' `!... Author on a reasonable request retrieved is 23 % all searches in those databases had been designed enough!
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